Skin cancer

Skin cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases in the world, and its incidence continues to rise. These are malignant tumors originating from skin cells due to various factors, from UV exposure to genetic predisposition. While many forms grow slowly and are treatable, even a small spot on the skin can become a serious health threat if ignored.

What Is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is a malignant neoplasm that develops from epidermal cells due to external or internal damaging factors. It arises from a disruption in cellular division and renewal, leading to uncontrolled growth. Without timely treatment, tumors may infiltrate deep tissues, affect nearby structures, and spread through the lymphatic or circulatory systems, forming metastases.

Types of Skin Cancer:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common and least aggressive form, slow-growing, rarely metastasizes, but can destroy surrounding tissue.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Arises from keratinocytes, more aggressive, can metastasize to lymph nodes, often develops in sun-exposed or scarred areas.

• Melanoma: The most dangerous form, arises from melanocytes, grows rapidly, metastasizes early, and has high mortality if diagnosed late.

Symptoms:

• New or changing spots or moles

• Irregular shape, uneven borders, multiple colors

• Non-healing ulcers or crusts

• Bleeding or itching

• Enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue (advanced stages)

Causes and Risk Factors:

• UV radiation (sun, tanning beds)

• Fair skin type

• Numerous or atypical moles

• Age over 50

• Genetic predisposition

• Chronic skin inflammation

• Immunodeficiency

• Chemical exposure

Diagnosis:

• Visual Examination

• Dermatoscopy

• Biopsy (histological confirmation)

• CT, MRI, Ultrasound (to assess spread)

• Laboratory Tests

Treatment Options:

• Conservative: Topical therapies, cryotherapy, chemotherapy

• Surgical: Standard excision or Mohs surgery

• Targeted Therapy: Especially for BRAF V600 mutations in melanoma

• Immunotherapy: Checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines

Prognosis:

Depends on the type and stage. BCC and SCC have high cure rates when treated early. Melanoma is more dangerous but treatable if diagnosed in time.

Prevention:

• Avoid sun exposure (10 am–4 pm)

• Use SPF 30+ sunscreen

• Wear protective clothing

• Regular skin checks

• Avoid tanning beds

• See a dermatologist if you notice any skin changes

Consequences (if untreated):

• Recurrence

• Scarring

• Metastasis

• Functional impairment

Early diagnosis and treatment greatly improve outcomes. The Iratour platform helps patients find qualified clinics and doctors in Russia and Belarus, offering full support from consultation to recovery.

Care Assistants

We’re here not just to arrange treatment in Russia and Belarus - but to be with you every step of the way. At Iratour, a personal assistant who speaks your language will guide and support you - from your first consultation to your safe return home.